Nationalism Free Essays

Home to one of the world’s most densely populated and poorest regions in the world, South Asia is made up of 8 nations including the islands of Maldives and Sri Lanka located at the southern tip of the region. The region is also one of the most heterogenous in terms of language, races and religion such as Hinduism, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Islam. Inevitably, this very diversity has caused much threat to the social fabric, security and harmony of the nations both domestically, intra-nationally and internationally. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not to say that all conflicts are ethnic-based; there are other prominent conflicts arising from territorial disputes, particularly the on-going Kashmir imbroglio. The South Asian region alone has seen many historical moments with regards to nationalism in the past decades. This essay will be looking into the struggles of Awami League, a Bengali nationalist opposition party, for the liberation of Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) from Pakistan (formerly West Pakistan). Before anything, it is imperative to make clear what nationalism means. Defining the term ‘nationalism’ Nationalism has never had a concrete definition owing to its broad concept which differs from one sociopolitical climate to another. Scholars, however, have attempted to define this ambiguous term for pragmatic purposes. Anthony Smith defines nationalism as â€Å"an ideological movement for the attainment and maintenance of autonomy, unity and identity on behalf of a population some of whose members deem themselves to constitute an actual or potential â€Å"nation†Ã¢â‚¬  (Smith). It is essentially a manifestation of ideological goals they hope to achieve through united efforts. It is embedded in the behavior and thoughts of individuals, who then spread this ideology in the form of politics. At the end of the day, they hope to achieve statehood. On this basis, it is agreeable that nationalist movements aim to actualize their political goals. Pakistan’s nationalist movement was manifested in the demand for a separate homeland for the Muslims in 1947. Bangladesh’s nationalist movement is, similarly, rooted in the demand for a separate homeland. Being subordinates vis-à  -vis the West Pakistan since 1947, they demand a homeland to protect and preserve their interests. An autonomous homeland in which they would be free from the Hindu Muslim domination that is the West Pakistan and the unjust discrimination. Urdu or Bengali? It is worth understanding that the breaking up of British India in 1947 into two separate nations of Pakistan and India was due to the belief that Muslims and Hindus have very distinct and stark differences in culture, language, practices and belief in which it was impossible to ever achieve a commonality (Moore). Propagated by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the emergence of Pakistan was meant to be a Muslim nationhood, where the nation was to be built in the name of Islam, also known as Islamic nationalism. It is against this political backdrop that shaped the Bengali’s fight for independence. The quest for the liberation of East Pakistan started a year after Pakistan’s independence. In February 1948, Muslim League led by then Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan proposed that Urdu was to be Pakistan’s only national language, against the will of Bengali majority. Imperative a language is in building a national identity, quite inevitably, this spawned disgruntlement and acrimony within the Bengalis as they felt neglected in the decision-making process. The government’s stand to make Urdu the national language was just as Hindi was made India’s national language. On the other hand, the Bengalis stand was because Bengali is the language spoken by majority (54%) as compared to Urdu (7%) in Pakistan (Mussarat Jabeen). The declaration of Urdu as a national language led to protests in Dhaka in 1952 and eventually the birth of the language movement (Lewis) advocating for recognition of Bengali as a national language. This inter-wing linguistic war lingered and turned to become a very controversial issue and strained relationships between the two wings. Little did they know, it was merely the start of what was to be the most extensive and profound effects to be recorded in the history of Indian sub-continent. Other forces at work There was a conflation of many other aspects that led to the disintegration of Pakistan. Since Pakistan’s independence, East Pakistan had been internally exploited and discriminated by their Western counterparts socioeconomically and politically. These disparities between the East and the West placed the East at a disadvantage,z leading to the growth of nationalistic movements. Economically-wise, West Pakistan was mainly an agricultural economy while East Pakistan was the largest producer of raw jute and exporter of raw cotton. It goes without saying that the bulk of foreign exchange came from East Pakistan (Sengupta). However, it was used for the imports of consumer goods in West Pakistan. Subsequently, trade deficit of West Pakistan was regularly financed by that of East who managed to sustain a trade surplus (Gull). This was the case for total government expenditure as well. Between 1950 and 1970, total government expenditure was $30.95 billion. West Pakistan took a huge share of $21.49 billion while East Pakistan, despite having more than 55% of the country’s population, only got about 30% share of the total expenses (Ayaz). In addition, Bengalis had a meagre share in government services and military (Ahmar) and in the Pakistan International Airport, there were only 280 East Pakistanis employee compared to 7000 from the West Pakistan (Oldenburg). Such economic and political inequality fueled a sense of injustice which fed the growing dissatisfaction with the central West government and hence the demand for East Pakistan to be an independent state. What aggravated the Bengali’s sentiments towards an independent state was the apathetic response of the Pakistani government during the November 1970 cyclone. Cyclone Bhola, one of the most catastrophic natural disaster, claimed about 500,000 lives and left thousand others starving. With all the international aid and assistance flowing into the east wing from the US and other parts of the world, the central Pakistani government did nothing more than allocating a single helicopter to fly over the area, assessed the situation and declared the day it as â€Å"major calamity area† . It is even further exacerbated that this response took more than a week later. The callous response of the government led to high levels of anti-West Pakistan feeling (Najam). This is but a manifestation of the lack of pathos and the altruistic character of the central government towards the victims of the disasters. In fact, in a press conference after the disaster, Sheikh Mujibur declared that â€Å"East Pakistan must achieve self-rule by ballot if possible, and by bullet, if necessary† (Ludden). After being evidently treated as second-class citizens and not being given help from their very own national counterparts, they felt a greater need to attain autonomy. In East Pakistan’s demand for greater autonomy and equal power-sharing, the emergence of Bangladesh may have been avoided if East Pakistan acted according to the 1970 general elections results. Awami League’s party won a landslide victory by successfully capturing all but 2 seats in the east-wing. This meant that Mujibur would become the Prime Minister, and thus be able to preserve and protect the interests of Bengalis (Oldenburg). However, the West Pakistan administration were unwilling to accept, cueing a constitutional crisis that led to the 1971 civil war (The Guardian). The victory of Awami League meant that the new constitution was to embody the party’s Six-Point program . First articulated in February 1966, the doctrine was vested in a common goal – that East Pakistan should be given as equal an autonomy to govern their province and protect their interests (Oldenburg). That they would be treated and seen as equal in the eyes of their fellow compatriots in the other wing. The doctrine is important in highlighting the justification of East Pakistan’s separate state. Their liberation is strongly vested in the idea of being able to possess and exercise power and preserve and practice their Bengali identity and culture. Let us not forget that leading up to the birth of Bangladesh, West Pakistan launched Operation Searchlight attack on the Eastern wing in 1971 to get rid of the Hindus whom they believed have influenced the nascent of Bengali Opposition (Oldenburg). While there was an uncertainty of exact numbers, certainly thousands died, thousands of women were raped, and a mass refugee was triggered (D’Costa). This mass genocide was the last straw that eventually led to Bangladesh’s emergence. A breath of fresh air The cauldron of emotions and sociopolitical and economic instability led to the growth of Bengali nationalistic movement. The lack of acknowledgement of the Bengalis fostered a culture of hatred surrounding the central government. East Pakistan’s separate homeland is compelling in terms demanding political power and control over economic resources and putting an end to the invidious discrimination and â€Å"colonial exploitation† by the West wing. Insurmountable and onerous the obstacles were, Bangladesh finally breathed fresh air when West Pakistan conceded. How to cite Nationalism, Papers Nationalism Free Essays string(98) " us killers of a sort is the fact that we’re brought up the right way, as balanced individuals\." What is the importance of patriotism in the lives of Today’s youth? Yahoo answer Patriotism  is a love for one’s country and a desire to make her better. It is contrasted with simple  nationalism  (or jingoism) in that nationalism and jingoism represent a blind loyalty to one’s country even when it wrong (an example would be the people of  Nazi Germany). Patriotism, on the other hand, recognizes when its nation is wrong and fights to correct the wrong even as it supports that nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Patriotism is important in the lives of youth today for several reasons. One is because the youth of today will inherit the nation tomorrow. If youth do not become involved in making our nation better, they may not receive a nation worth inheriting. Second, the nation built by today’s youth will be the nation they pass along to their own children. If young people today wish their children to have an America of freedom, the young people of today must protect and defend that freedom by supporting our country’s greatness and working to make her ever better. Third, the youth of today owe a debt to those of the past who sacrificed, worked hard, and even died to build us a free nation. To keep faith with those who have gone before and upon whose toil and sacrifice the nation was built, youth need to show patriotism. Are We The Youth Not Patriotic? – Think Again (An Appeal) I do not like to generalize, but most Indians who are 40 plus consider today’s youth as ‘not patriotic’. Patriotism per-se means love for the nation, and we youth have no dearth of it. As youngsters, born in independent  India, we haven’t had the opportunity to see how our people toiled for a century to attain freedom. Most of us have not witnessed the four wars that were fought by our Armed forces in 1947, 1962, 1965 and 1971. Thus, we may not feel our eyes watering we hear Lata Mangeshkar’s ‘Aye Mere Watan Ke Logon’, the song that immortalized the sacrifice of Indian soldiers on icy Himalayan peaks in 1962 and which brought tears to the eyes of Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru. Our interest in reading documents about great freedom fighters and freedom struggle, if any, is also academic, as our generation fails to really connect to that era. That, however, does not mean that we are not mindful of the hard work of our countrymen, because of whom, we’re living a dream life in a vibrant and growing  India, which has created a niche for itself in the world. It’s just that we do not identify with the spirit of freedom the way our elders may, because our relations with that era are not even second hand but third hand. Merely because of this disconnect we should not be classified as less patriotic. It only makes us patriotic in our own special way: the youth’s way. Had the youth lacked devotion for the nation, where would the Navy, Army and Air Force have got their new recruits from? Those who join the forces are ready to give their life and that too without asking for anything more than a remuneration to keep their family alive. Mind you, this remuneration is exactly same as the country pays to its Babus and Bureaucrats. While the whole country works only eight hours   for that pay and gets paid overtime for every extra hour, it is they who work tirelessly 24 X 7, in adverse conditions and not even talk of overtime, so that their countrymen can have a good night’s sleep, day after day. Without the youth, the defense would have been crippled with only oldies and vacancies plaguing the Armed forces. Since this sorrow situation hasn’t materialized, one can safely conclude that the belief that today’s youth is ‘not patriotic’ is nothing but a perception. What would have happened of Indian culture, values, tradition and way of life had it not been due to joint effort of our parents and us youngsters. Our parents brought us up in a cultured environment where traditions and modernism go hand in hand. We the youth have retailed and nurtured the Culture and Values of   being Indian, while borrowing   certain things from foreign land which is attributed to our curiosity. Dressing in western attire, talking in English, and having Mcdonalised our diet doesn’t eat away our indiannesss. Macdonald or not, when it comes to idli-dosa, chicken tanduri or dal-bati we are most enthusiastic. You must understand that Mcdonalisation is part of being hep in the crowd. Even while we may be living in a foreign land, working on foreign shores and earning in foreign currency, our traditions are practiced with same fervor, if not more. In whatever foreign land we maybe in, our earnings are sent back to India, to help our families and also help the Indian economy grow with this added Forex capital. Youth isn’t selfish, though it may be portrayed so. We may be more ‘me driven’ but we also invert the ‘m’ often enough to become ‘we driven’. On some planes we’re a force that is hard to beat. Had we not been a collective bunch, Jessica Lal, Matoo and such other cases including the quota debate would not have become a mini uprising. On some other, we can outwardly look selfish and overtly driven by success, though it isn’t so in reality. We would prefer to be indianised in competition, treating others as peers, but the globalization of Indian economy forces us to be excessively competitive; if I may say, competitiveness is forced on us. Rather than critcising us, one should sympathise with us because we are the victims of circumstances. We youth don’t claim to be saints. We do go wayward on certain counts, but the older generation has always been there to steer us away from them. Without the elders we youth would be like a ‘rudderless’ boat, just swaying in turbulent waters. What makes us killers of a sort is the fact that we’re brought up the right way, as balanced individuals. You read "Nationalism" in category "Papers" Add to it the fact that no matter how low we may fall; our families would always support us and help us rise, which is typically an Indian phenomenon. The security of Indian ‘family’ system gives us the courage to move ahead and realize our individual dreams and our dreams for  Indiabecause we fully well understand that we have a fall back option – our family. The youth also has modern ways of celebrating Indian achievements. We take pride in cheering for  India  in every sports event with tricolour painted on our faces. We feel exhilaration in watching Aamir Khan in Rang De, and we feel the shivers while watching Ajay Devgan in Bhagat Singh. We feel overwhelmed when any Indian does genius feats. Our pulse races when we hear the National Anthem. We’re filled with energy when the song ‘suno gaur se duniya walon-buri nazar na hum pe dalo-chahe jitna zor lagalo-sabse aagey hongey Hindustani†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢is played. We keenly track our industry and stock markets. We do this and so much more. We are patriotic, just that our ways of expressing it are different (read modern, perhaps even whacky). We try to do things differently, we try to innovate, and we try to show our love in our own ways. We wish to ask, what more we can do to prove our patriotism? Do we scream our lungs out, or do we go out chanting patriotic songs in ‘Prabhat Pheries’ (morning marches), tell us what we can do to get out of our stereotype portrayal of being ‘not patriotic’? We’ve conquered the air, water and land, but we’re yet to conquer every elderly Indian’s heart. We don’t want to be known as a bunch of selfish people, who’re money-minded and just looking for some fun, but as individuals who’re dedicated to the nation with the same affection that the generations before us were. Our methods and ways to make  India  the shining star (that it was in the past) may be different, but we share the same cherished goal and the vision for modern  India  with our elders. We know we’re making progress, but sincere efforts always pay off and the speed of progress shall become a typhoon in times to come. In the end ‘Hum Honge Kamyab’ (we shall succeed) in this race to balanced progress, and young Indians are here to make  India  a winner as much our elders did in their times. And India shall be a winner, if you, our elders, put faith in us, support us in this endeavor and appreciate the efforts that are being done with due understanding that we converge for India. The situation isn’t as bleak; there is plenty of light seen at end of this tunnel to progress. On behalf of young  India, I’d like to end this appeal with a quote- A man’s feet must be planted in his country, but his eyes should survey the world. George Santayana Please support us and guide us as we survey the world, while our hearts beat for  India, our blood is Indian and every drop of our sweat is shed to do something for  India. 91 words essay on Patriotism in India for school and college students by  Kunal Free sample essay on Patriotism in India for school and college students . Patriotism lends a great dimension to a man’s personality and it exalts him to rare heights of nobility. A patriot is not a person confined within the narrow limits of his family and his intimate circle of friends. Patriotism enlightens us about our paramount duties to our nation, our motherland, as dear and sacred as our own mother. India has a proud heritage of the noblest patriots, who sacrificed all their belongings and even gave up their lives, for the cause of their motherland. The freedom struggle of India which was a golden chapter in the history of the country saw the whole nation revolting against the insolent British, who brutally suppressed the patriotic spirit of the Indians, who were chased like dogs and lath charged when they raised their voices of protest. Our political struggle headed by the unique leader of leaders, Mahatma Gandhi, an embodiment of compassion and tolerance, was a saga of victory for the Indians, who shed blood for a great cause, and the trail of their blood left indelible marks on the sands of time of their sacrificial spirit, which cannot be adequately described in words. This is an age when patriotism is at its lowest, when people’s narrow-mindedness, sectarianism and religious intolerance have raised their ugly heads. Man has fallen prey to the vicious influences so pervasive in society which is witness to the worst acts of desperados? It is said that Gandhi and his circle of friends were exemplary patriots. Nelson Mandela, the great South African leader, who tirelessly fought for his African brethren, opposing the racist whites, is next only to Gandhi. In fact, Gandhi was the inspiration to Nelson Mandela, who suffered imprisonment for many years. When he was frail and even when his moral strength was eroded by the oppressive tactics of the whites he protested. His patience ultimately rewarded him with victory. The South African Government consisting of the most autocratic whites, who were highly prejudiced against the colored Africans, at last realized that it was no longer possible to keep the poor, meek Africans under their thumbs. Nelson Mandela was acknowledged as a doughty champion of the lowliest and the last. He was made President of South Africa. Mr. Abdul Kalian, the President of India, is one of the greatest patriots. He is called the ‘Missiles Man’ as he was instrumental in launching many missiles into space. As a scientist and patriot, he stands supreme, and when he makes speeches he speaks of developing India as a great nation. A film on Abdul Kalama titled â€Å"From Rameswaram to the Rashtrapati Haven† has been produced. Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Abraham Lincoln, who abolished slavery in the US, Nelson Mandela and others of their ilk should rule our minds and influence us so that we too will follow in their footsteps and serve the nation. It may be said that the patriots’ lives are a reminder to us of the everlasting truth that the whole nation is our land and that we should leave no stone unturned to protect it from acts of gross injustice of the self-centered, the crooked, the violent and the engineers of terrorism. Patriotism is a spiritual quality which ennobles man. In a patriot’s vision the image of his motherland assumes divinity and we can imagine how strong his spirit of patriotism was. Our relationship starts with our mother, father, sister, brother, aunt and uncle and goes on widening. We love one another in our small circle of family. We should love everyone in the vast family of our nation. If we begin to feel that our nation, our motherland, is one large family, we the people of the nation, will grow as one well-knit family. In this situation we feel we are related to one another as brothers and sisters. Unity is our strength. United we stand, divided we fall. From our childhood we should develop the spirit of loving one and all. There are none high or low. All living creatures, whether insect, bird, animal or human being, has a right to live. This is the greatest message; this is the most precious lesson. Patriot is one who loves and serves his own country as a loyal citizen. He is called a true patriot who loves his country and is ready to sacrifice his all for her cause, and wholeheartedly works for the welfare of his motherland. The land, on which one is born and brought up and lives, is naturally dear to him than any other land. This love for his birthplace grows into patriotism. If his motherland is attacked by the enemies, he does not hesitate to fight for the protection of freedom of his native land. He can do any thing to glorify his country. He feels proud of his country. This patriotic feeling can be found in many great heroes in history. In India, we know many patriots who suffered inhuman distress at the hands of the foreign rulers, because they loved their country, and wanted to make her free from the shackles of the foreign rule. They were imprisoned, publicly flogged and had undergone inhuman torture for their undying patriotism. Still they did not step down, even at the cost of their life. They carried on their struggle for freedom for many years. This is true patriotism. A true patriot will go to the war with a smiling face to sacrifice his life, if needed. He will serve the poor and the distressed people of his country out of compassion that arises from patriotism. He will devote himself to the work of development of his own people. He does not bother about his personal interests or gains, when he goes forward with his spirit of patriotism. A true patriot is worshipped by his countrymen. They shed tears when he dies, as if, he was one of their nearest relations. How to cite Nationalism, Papers Nationalism Free Essays Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age With research and resources you will learn about Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age. Nationalism because it is a political idea that involves a tough recognition of a set of individuals by way of a political being defined in nationalized conditions, for example a nation. And Modernity, because it is a take action of why and how thing develop and progress all the way through history. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of these changes occurring allows us to exist in a modern society. Modernity is relating to the history or traits of a period extending from a relevant remote past to the present time â€Å"Since the term â€Å"Modern† is used to describe a wide range of periods, any definition of modernity must account for the context in question. Modern can mean all of post-medieval European history, in the context of dividing history into three large epochs: Antiquity, Medieval, and Modern. Likewise, it is often used to describe the Euro-American culture that arises out of the Enlightenment and continues in some way into the present. The term â€Å"Modern† is also applied to the period beginning somewhere between 1870 and 1910, through the present, and even more specifically to the 1910-1960 periods†. Nationalism is what most groups of citizen’s feel for their countries a sense of devotion, loyalty. To the citizens their country is the best it is a sense of pride â€Å"What does the term nation mean? In what ways is it distinct, if at all, from closely related terms like state, people, and ethnic group† (418-423). Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age Nationalism is uniquely modern in that throughout history to the present cultures, technology, are always being studied and compared to the present â€Å"In recent years, the study of nationalism has attracted growing attention from scholars in a range of disciplines-sociology, anthropology, history, politics, even literature and philosophy† . Nationalism is studied throughout the course by studying Western civilizations or cultures from the early modern age to the Late Modern Age. All through history there have been examples of nationalism the largest example being Wars in Germany such as World War II, when the Germans felt they were better then Jewish people. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day â€Å"So it was determined to exterminate all the Protestants, and the plan was approved by the queen. They discussed for some time whether they should make an exception of the king of Navarre and the prince of Conde. All agreed that the king of Navarre should be spared by reason of the royal dignity and the new alliance. The duke of Guise, who was put in full command of the enterprise, summoned by night several captains of the Catholic Swiss mercenaries from the five little cantons, and some commanders of French companies, and told them that it was the will of the king that, according to God’s will, they should take vengeance on the band of rebels while they had the beasts in the toils. Victory was easy and the booty great and to be obtained without danger. Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age The signal to commence the massacre should be given by the bell of the palace, and the marks by which they should recognize each other in the darkness were a bit of white linen tied around the left arm and a white cross on the hat† . The beginning of Nationalism took place during the early ages before we had states, and most countries were still developing, groups of religions (Catholic, Christian etc) are what people were loyal to and before technology became as advanced as it is now. One of the first examples of Nationalism is when Christopher Columbus discovered America; he brought disease and slavery to the Native Americans causing them to lose their home and subjected to cruelty treatment â€Å"It appears to me, that the people are ingenious, and would be good servants and I am of opinion that they would very readily become Christians, as they appear to have no religion. They very quickly learn such words as are spoken to them. If it pleases our Lord, I intend at my return to carry home six of them to your Highnesses, that they may learn our language†. Before the Modern age, nationalism studied the early religions, the forming of states and countries, changes in technologies â€Å"Studying the nineteenth century around the conflict between the culture of the westernizing, cosmopolitan elite and the traditions of the people, rooted more deeply in their regions† . Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age As countries and states have grown stronger with government and developing their laws and beliefs; Nationalism has also transformed having been loyalty to religions it is stronger through the people and their loyalty for their countries, laws, religions in the Modern Age. During the Revolutionary War, if one was found to side with the rebels, they were tortured, jailed, banned from their groups† Shadrack Furman, a free black Virginian who worked for the British as a provisionary and guide, was captured by patriot troops, given 500 lashes, and then blinded and rendered mentally deranged by an axe blow to the head† . When a country within a country declares independence from the bigger country they are found disloyal to their mother country causing a war or a ethnic cleansing Bosnia, Serbia, Yugoslavia â€Å"They attacked Bosniak-dominated town in eastern Bosnia, including Zvornik, Foca, and Visegrad, forcibly expelling Bosniak civilians from the region in a brutal process that later was identified as â€Å"ethnic cleansing. (Ethnic cleansing differs from genocide in that its primary goal is the expulsion of a group of people from a geographical area and not the actual physical destruction of that group, even though the same methods–including murder, rape, torture and forcible displacement–may be used. )† . Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age Wars, attacks, Ethnic cleansing are examples of nationalism of citizens fighting for their countries, religions etc. A group that has a strong sense of loyalty is Al-Qaeda. Their members attack others in their own country, other countries by suicide bombings â€Å"12 October, 2000, Attack on US warship in Yemen kills 17 sailors. Two suicide attackers ram a boat carrying explosives into the USS Cole in Aden port killing 17 American sailors. In 2004 six suspected Al-Qaeda militants are charged in connection with the attack by a Yemeni court. † . With the evolution of nationalism during the modern age there have been many changes in the civilizations of the world. A few of those changes are the people within the civilizations (women’s rights), the advancement of technology, and the worsening of wars. â€Å"For the vast majority of women in early modern Europe, the most important change in their lives was marriage. The choice of a spouse, whether made by themselves or their parents or a larger kin group, determined their social and economic status and place of residence. Divorce was illegal, living separately from an abusive spouse was illegal without court approval, and only way out of marriage was death of a spouse. No thought as to a women’s intellect† . Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age In the late modern age women are free to choose whom they marry, divorce is legal although few religions still frown upon it, and most women have gone to college or know a trade. As nationalism has evolved the technology has also evolved in advancement of warfare through the modern age â€Å"Despite their ostensible enthusiasm for violent revolution, Engels and many socialists actually came to fear the growing destructive power of modern war and the threat it posed to Western Civilization †. An important reason why nationalism is important in the modern age is the studying of early modern age we can learn what civilizations did and how they ran, and in the modern age we can learn from them and build upon what we learn. Nationalism has been witnessed throughout history. Through the decades with the changes of people, religions, technology, the acts of Nationalism have changed as well. As you have read the following sources were used to determine these facts because, was an example of how later technology and the loyalty of the people of the group have changed in the later Modern age. Burke, P. (1978) this was an example of the Modern age and how it affects the civilizations. was used to describe some of the cruelty of choosing the rebel side during the Revolutionary war and what would happen if you weren’t loyal to the country. Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age this journal extracts were an example of the early Modern age nationalism with the Native Americans taken for slavery and forced to accept Christianity over their religion if they had one. Delanty, G. K. (2006). SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism . London: SAGE Publications. This quote was used as an example of how unique nationalism is to the modern age. This was an example of the Modern age and how it affects the civilizations. Gay, C. M. (1998). The Way of the (Modern) World: Or, Why It’s Tempting to Live As If God Doesn’t Exist. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. This quote was used to define the meaning of modernity and provide an example. rovide the example of an ethnic cleansing of the Protestants whom were not good for the enough for the country or the citizens, an early example of nationalism before the Modern Age. This article was used to define what Nationalism is with some examples shown through history. And because, in this article, there is an example of Modern Age nationalism when Bosnia is declaring independence from Yugoslavia, causing an ethnic cleansing, rape all examples of what happens when there is not a sense of loyalty to a certain grou p. Weisner, E. M. 2000 second edition). Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This quote was used in describing what life was like living in Europe during early modern age for women. Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age With the provided research and resources we have learn about Nationalism throughout History and the Modern Age. Again because Nationalism is a political idea that involves a tough recognition of a set of individuals by way of a political being defined in nationalized conditions, for example a nation. And Modernity, because it is a take action of why and how thing develop and progress all the way through history. Because of these changes occurring allows us to exist in a modern society. References BBCNews/SpecialNews/Timeline: Al-Qaeda. (n. d. ). From British Broadcasting Corporation: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/3618762. stm Colley, L. (2011 18-February). The Guardian. Liberty’s Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World by Maya Jasanoff – review . Columbus, C. M. (1996). Journal Extracts. Medieval Sourcebook Christopher Columbus . Getz, T. R. Brooke, J. E. (2012). World history: The human experience from 1500. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. J. H. Robinson, e. (1906). The Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day. In H. C. Brian Cheek, Readings in European History 2 vols. Hanover Historical Texts Project (pp. 179-183). Boston: (Boston: Ginn). Tamir, Y. (1995 April). The Engima of Nationalism. World Politics , pp. 418-423. Topics. (2012). From History. com: http://www. history. com/topics/bosnian-genocide How to cite Nationalism, Essay examples